Índex

Introduction. 2

Machine selection on mining. 3

Equipments selection stages. 3

Type of equipment required. 4

Equipment size and or number 4

Specific type and specifications of equipment 5

Selection of manufacturers or suppliers. 6

Disassemble and it is equipment 6

References. 8

 

Introduction

 

The selection of a mining machine s a multiple-attribute problem that involves the consideration of numerous of various origins. A common task in the mining industry is to select the best machine among several alternatives, which are frequently described both with numerical variables as well as linguistic variables.

Numerical variables are mostly related to the technical characteristics of the machines, which are available in detail in most cases. On the other hand, some equally important parameters such as price, reliability, support for service and spare parts, operating cost.  

 

Machine selection on mining

 

The selection of a mining machine is a multi-attribute decision-making problem that is an important issue for an effective production system. The most common approach is to evaluate several alternatives that should be ranked according to various criteria or attributes. For evaluating mining machines, several factors should be taken into consideration.

Machine selection involves choosing equipments  to operate the materials handing process. There are eight primary considerations:

ü  Productivity: we must be able to produce enough ore to satisfy requirements.

ü  Cost: we want to keep purchasing and operating costs as low as possible.

ü  Compatibility: the trucks and loaders must be able to work together. Not all trucks and loaders are compatible.

ü  Different types of each equipment size and capacity.

ü  Operating cycle time.

ü  Turning radius or working radius.

ü  Number of pieces required for an operation.

ü  Health and safety considerations.

 

Equipments selection stages

 

The main objective in the selection of equipments is to ensure, to the extent possible, that the mine be provided with resources to enable it to supply ore best quality. At a low cost per ton, for the heat treatment plant a long and continuous period. To this end, some criteria are followed for the correct selection of equipment to be used.

 

Type of equipment required  

 

In order to reach the conclusion on which equipment to select at the mine, a vast amount of information about the pit deposit, operations and outline must be known. With respect to the ore body and the processing, one must have knowledge of the mass of ore to be treated by day, time, degree of control and quality required for the power plant.

The factors that concern the ore and need to be known are:

ü  Ore feed rate required and permitted by the plant;

ü  The blending required to control the ore content;

ü  Type of segregation to avoid mixtures undesirable;

ü  The route and distance traveled by the ore;

ü  The quota difference between the loading point and unloading point.

In the case of sterile, you should know:

ü  Sterile or ore ratio and the way the sterile occurs in the deposit;

ü  Whether external or over the body;

ü  If interspersed, etc.

 

It is also of great importance to have knowledge about some characteristics of the ore and waste, such as in situ and blistered density, moisture, degree of fragmentation, hardness, abrasiveness, resistance to compression.

In general mining equipments is involved in dismantling, loading and transporting ore and waste from the mine.

Equipment size and or number

 

There is an initial idea for defining the number of equipment and the size.

For the quantity, it is suggested:

ü  A drill for each excavator;

ü  An excavator for each type of material that is, one for ore and one for sterile

ü  Three or four trucks for each excavator.

However, there are numerous factors to consider in each case, such as: it is possible  to reduce the number of drill if a machine, from sufficiently high capacity and greater mobility is adopted;

ü  More loaders may be necessary if blending or segregation is required;

ü  The number of trucks, is usually dictated by the transport distance and ideally;

ü  It is not you can let a truck wait to be loaded;

ü  Nor let an excavator wait for an empty truck for the ideal size of the equipment;

ü  The premise follows that the operating costs are high;

ü  Will continue to rise and what equipment for proper operation are scarce in the future..

Every effort should be made to maximize equipment size. It is significant to note that although there is a big difference in initial investment, operation and maintenance work required are approximately the same for different sizes of a same equipment.

Specific type and specifications of equipment

 

A detailed description of equipment specifications is required to ensure that the listed equipment will match that required and perform the desired function in addition to providing cost comparison and merits of various specific equipment with the information provided by the manufacturers and their catalogs.

The description must be made so that it contains two parts, one with information such as performance ( utilization rates, physical availability and average yields ), capacity, strength, weight, size, etc. another with information of ideal equipment, which allows for a more economical and safer operation, in easy maintenance and reduced repair costs.

These steps should allow for easy comparison when surveying costs of the various machines and also an evaluation of several items, such as then they need to be related to all the economic factors of the operation.

 

Selection of manufacturers or suppliers

 

A study should be evaluate the manufacturers proposals, which should take analysis of costs and technical adaptability, relative easer or difficulty of maintenance and repairs and the manufacturers reputation for technical services ( provision of services ), availability, parts costs and guarantees.

 

Disassemble and it is equipment

 

As is known, the equipment needed to carry out any adapt to the type of material used, taking into account the particularity of each mine. Thus, it is clear that dismantling hard and compact rocks is much more difficult than performing these operations on soft and incoherent rocks, being necessarily different procedures.

So it is necessary to know the classifications based on mechanical behavior from the point of view dismounting view of the rocks to work with.

 

 

Conclusion

The present study showed the criteria for selecting equipment from a mine to be open  pit, as well as the most common equipment used in this type of mining, showing some of it is characteristics.

With this, it was possible to observe how natural design and economic factors influence the selection of equipment in the plow to heaven. The characteristics of the rocks and the deposit, the topography of the place, etc.

Analyzing the characteristics of the equipment presented, it is clear that each mine has it is specificity, making there is no single correct and suitable method for all situations, and the selection of equipment must be done correctly to work better possible scenario.

 

 

References

 

Dagdeviren M…. decision making in equipment selection: an integrated approach with AHP and PROMETHEE, “journal of intelligent manufacturing” 2008. 19: 397-406.